Case Study Of Managerial Economics - 1115 Words

Global Issue – Economics Fundamentals Introduction In 2008, Lehman Brothers was ranked 37 on the Forbes 500 list. It recorded phenomenal growth between 1999 and 2007 and by 2008 had revenues of more than $59 billion. During the United States housing boom era, the company invested heavily in mortgage-backed securities and real estate. By 2007, the company’s leverage ratio was averaging 31-to-1, meaning it borrowed $31 for every $1 in equity. This resulted in massive profits in the boom era but became a serious problem when the housing bubble burst. The firm was unable to unload those assets onto the market once home and commercial real estate prices began falling, leading to unsustainable losses. Lehman Brother executives overleveraged†¦show more content†¦The manager then is responsible for his/her own actions, the actions of other, and the use of all resources, no matter how scarce or plentiful, under his/his purview. The economics of effective management include identifying goals and constraints, recognizing the na ture and importance of profits, understanding incentives, understanding markets, recognizing the time value of money, and using marginal analysis. The first steps in making sound decisions is for managers to have well-defined goals and to understand their constraints (Baye Prince, 2014). Organizational goals serves some basic purposes. These are: (1) provide guidance and direction, (2) facilitate planning, (3) motivate and inspire employees, and (4) help organizations evaluate and control performance (Feliciano, 2008). However, the overall goal of most firms is to maximize profits or the firm’s value (Baye Prince, 2014). Profit is the difference between income and expenses, and reflects how well or not a company controls costs (McClintock, 2017). Earning a profit is important to all businesses because profitability impacts whether a company can secure financing from a bank, attract investors to fund its operations and grow its business. Companies cannot remain in business without turning a profit (Johnson, 2017). Sometimes the only way to make profit is through cost savingShow MoreRelatedManagerial Economics - Case Studies3445 Words   |  14 PagesCASE – 1 Dabur India Limited: Growing Big and Global Questions 1. What is the objective of Dabur? Is it profit maximisation or growth maximisation? Discuss. Answer : The objective is to â€Å"significantly accelerate profitable growth by providing comfort to others†. It is growth maximization because for achieving this objective Dabur aims to: †¢ Focus on growing core brands across categories, reaching out to new geographies, within and outside India, and improve operational efficienciesRead MoreManagerial Economics Case Study1010 Words   |  5 PagesMANAGERIAL ECONOMICS ECO 556 BM221 4c â€Å"DEMAND FOR VE MICROWAVE OVEN† TABLE OF CONTACT 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 METHODOLOGY 3.0 DATA DEMAND FOR VE MICROWAVE OVEN 4.0 EQUATION 5.0 FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION 5.1 Evaluation of Statically Significant At 95% Or Significant Level for Each Independent Variable. 5.2 Interpretation Coefficient of Determination 5.3 Interpretation of F-Test 5.4 Interpretation of Standard Error of Estimate 5.5 Derivation of Demand Curve 5.6 Elasticity of Demand Read MoreEssay on Case Study - Managerial Economics4934 Words   |  20 Pages3/31/12 Prof. Ogunji Managerial Economics Homework - Case Studies Pg 107 – Sunbest Orange Juice Spreadsheet Analysis Endogenous variables = all important demand- and supply-related factors that are within the control of the firm (ex: product pricing, advertising, product design, and so on) Exogenous variables = consist of all significant demand- and supply-related influences that are beyond the control of the firm (ex: competitor pricing, weather, general economic conditions, and relatedRead MoreManagerial Economics Starbucks Case Study2521 Words   |  11 Pages Managerial Economics Starbucks Case Study Abstract This paper will explore the science of Managerial Economics, the cost effective management of scarce resources, through an exploration of the Starbucks Company. This will include an assessment of relevant market forces, market structure and the economic theories that guide business decisions for this company. Managerial Economics Starbucks Case Study The Starbucks Company is a purveyor of gourmet coffee that was foundedRead MoreManagerial Economics Case Study : The Online Retail Giant Essay903 Words   |  4 Pages Managerial Economics Case Study The online retail giant known as Amazon.com Inc., has recently announced a chain of new projects. Some examples are Amazon Go, small-format grocery stores powered by artificial intelligence technology, Amazon Prime Air, delivery services by drones, and Amazon Echo, a hands-free voice controlled speaker. These are only some of the many projects that Amazon has started or announced over recent years. Through these projects, Amazon is attempting to expand their companyRead MoreJob Dissatisfaction Among Nashua City Employees910 Words   |  4 Pages(Ghayas Siddiqui, 2012).In the past few years, however, organizations have used the economic meltdown and downturns in business to justify involuntary intentions as a necessity for organizational survival in today’s competitive environment (Mbah Ikemefuna, 2012). Economic meltdowns and adverse recessionary trends are cited as major causes for creating and sustaining employment fear psychosis among non-managerial employees working fo r the City of Nashua Public Works Division, resulting in greaterRead MoreManagerial Feasibility1338 Words   |  6 PagesDefinition of Managerial Feasibility Studies: Managerial Feasibility studies is the objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of an existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats which are presented by the environment, the resources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success. In its simplest terms, the two criteria to judge feasibility are cost required and value to be attained. Managerial feasibility study is an analysis of the viabilityRead MoreManagerial Economics And Management Decisions By C. M. Birch1702 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction According to Managerial Economics and Management Decisions by C. M. Birch, Managerial Economics deals with understanding both internal and external factors within Micro- and Macro-economics. A company must be aware of not only their own sustainable capabilities, but also perform environmental scans to detect competitors and economic conditions. In the case of Samsung, many of these global factors played a substantial role in deciding the survivability rate of the company from succeedingRead MoreGreen Procurements And Managerial Decision Making1080 Words   |  5 PagesPROCUREMENTS AND MANAGERIAL DECISION MAKING IN SUPPLY CHAIN ENVIRONMENTS: A REVIEW OF NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY APPROACH Research Background Establishing the context Increasingly, individuals, organizations and governments have become very concerned about the impacts of public procurement and utilizations of goods and services on the environment in particular and society as a whole. Regarding the scale, recent estimates suggest between 8-25 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) of Organization of Economic CooperationRead MoreRelationship Between Fdi And Economic Growth771 Words   |  4 PagesRelationship between FDI and Economic Growth in Selected Asian Countries: A Panel Data Analysis Dr. Nabila Asghar Department of Economics, GC University, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN Cell: +300-4720706, E-mail: nabeelakhan83@gmail.com Dr. Samia Nasreen Department of Economics, GC University, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN Cell: +305-4023992, E-mail: sami.lcu@gmail.com Prof. Dr. Hafeez ur Rehman (Corresponding author) Department of Economics, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, PAKISTAN Tel: +92-42-99231167 Ext

Essay about Descartes discourse on method - 931 Words

Understanding Descartes’ Method of Doubt Clear your mind, if you will, of everything you have ever seen or known to be true. To begin understanding Rene Descartes’ method of doubt, you need to suspend all prejudice and prior judgments and start with a clean slate â€Å"for the purpose of discovering some ultimate truth on which to base all thought.† (Kolak, Pg.225). Discouraged with much skepticism from his own beliefs, Descartes was embarrassed of his own ignorance. He set out to try and accomplish the task of finding an absolute truth in which he would base his beliefs. Placing upon himself a task to find an axiom or absolute truth to base all thought, â€Å"he ventured as a youth in travel to collect a variety in experiences to derive some†¦show more content†¦(Descartes, Pg.19). On the other end of the spectrum, apriori knowledge ,which is an understanding based on reasoning, is a more efficient way of explaining the method of doubt presented by Descartes. Method of Doubt Step One nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the journey to find truth to base all thought upon, Descartes explains his first step in doing so. â€Å"Never accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is to say, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to comprise nothing more in my judgment than what was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly as to exclude all ground of doubt.†(Kolak, Pg.228). Assuming that everything you see is fictitious, Descartes believed he had no senses at all; â€Å"body, shape, extension, motion, and place are unreal.†(Weissman, Pg.23). Our senses have failed us all at one point or another in our lives, so why use the senses as a base for thought? The most famous quote and philosophy by Descartes in history ever, â€Å"Je pense, donc je suis, cogito ergo sum† (Durant, Pg.639). â€Å"I think, therefore I am† was the first step towards a basis to understand truth, and leaning away from truth through the se nses. Method of Doubt Step Two nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The second argument that Descartes defends is another question posed towards the senses. How can we take anything as real if our dreams cannot beShow MoreRelatedDiscourse on Descartes Skeptical Method1672 Words   |  7 PagesSebastian Gumina Paper Topic #1 Descartes’ Skeptical Method Descartes’ method offers definitive conclusions on certain topics, (his existence, the existence of God)but his reasoning is not without error. He uses three arguments to prove existence (His and God’s) that attempt to solidify his conclusions. For his method to function seamlessly, Descartes needs to be consistent in his use of the method, that is, he must continue to doubt and challenge thoughts that originate in his ownRead MoreDescartes Discourse on Method931 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Descartes Method of Doubt Clear your mind, if you will, of everything you have ever seen or known to be true. To begin understanding Rene Descartes method of doubt, you need to suspend all prejudice and prior judgments and start with a clean slate for the purpose of discovering some ultimate truth on which to base all thought. (Kolak, Pg.225). Discouraged with much skepticism from his own beliefs, Descartes was embarrassed of his own ignorance. He set out to try and accomplishRead MoreDescartes s Discourse On Method890 Words   |  4 Pages In his Discourse on Method, Rene Descartes asserts that all human beings are equal in their ability to reason and that any differences in opinion are not a result of a difference in ability to reason, but in the application of the reasoning. Descartes begins his argument for this claim by stating that rational thought and reason is what separates humans from animals, and that if all people have this ability to reason, then that must be the distinguishing feature of humanity. He goes on to explainRead MoreDescartes Discourse On Method Summary1337 Words   |  6 Pagesis born in the ashes of its mother once she has been consumed in flame, becoming stronger than she ever was. In Discourse on Method, Descartes hopes to destroy the conventional understanding of philosophy that has been followed throughout the ages, and in doing so establish his own philosophy as the new convention in the ashes of the old philosophy. In this paper, I will present Descartes’ findings of instability in philosophy and distaste for the way people learn as his motivation for undertakingRead MoreDescartes Surprise Ending in Discourse on Method386 Words   |  2 PagesIn one of the most influential books in the history of Western philosophy, Rene Descartes outlines a method mental reasoning, which he applies to a wide variety of fields and intellectual endeavors. For the first few books of Discourse on the Method, Descartes outlines first how the method came about as he was a pupil at school and had the realization that he was not actually learning anything important. He was therefore motivated to discover what truly constituted learning, knowledge, and truthRead MoreMeditation and Discourse on the Method by Rene Descartes831 Words   |  3 Pagesphilosophers attempt to satisfy them, such as Renà © Descartes. Descartes was a modern philosopher and rationalist, or an advocate of â€Å"the view that through unaided reason we can come to know what the world is like† (792). De scartes attempts to seal conclusions on such questions by using his mathematical knowledge and relating them to philosophy. Traces of such views can be found in many famous works that include the Meditations and Discourse on the Method. Descartes was a firm believer in the view that knowledgeRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes Discourse On The Method Essay2190 Words   |  9 PagesRene Descartes’ â€Å"Discourse on the Method† focuses on distinguishing the human rationale, apart from animals and robots. Wherein, he does so by explaining how neither animals, nor machines possess the same mental faculties as humans. For Descartes distinguishes the human rationale apart from non-humans, even though he does agree the two closely resemble each other because of their sense organs, and physical functions (Descartes, pp22). Nevertheless, it is because the mechanical lacks a necessary aspectRead MoreAnalyzing the Surprise Ending in Descartes Discourse on the Method and the Meditations1051 Words   |  4 PagesSurprise Ending in Descartes In the book Discourses on the Method and the Meditations, author Rene Descartes famously questions the existence of humanity. His most famous quotation, the one for whom he is most remembered is I think therefore I am (Descartes 11). According to this idea, so long as a being has the ability to think then they existed. Animals have brains and therefore they must exist. In order to truly, exist, to be a thinking entity, a person or organism must utilize the abilityRead More The Folly of Renà © Descartes’ Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Folly of Renà © Descartes’ Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy In order to embark on his quest for truth, Descartes first devises his four rules which should serve as a solid foundation for all else that he comes to understand. Those rules are here evaluated in terms of what they fail to take into consideration. The rules are examined individually and consecutively, and are therefore also reiterated in order to be clear about them. Furthermore, the approach of usingRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s Work Discourse On The Method Of A Machine1316 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout his work Discourse on the Method, Rene Descartes discusses the things he believes to be true concerning thought. He discusses the things which he believes to be more perfect and the things which he believes to be less perfect (pt 2, para 1). When comparing the two, he eventually comes to the conclusion that things that are more perfect are constructed by fewer hands and have specific purpose (pt 2, para 1). He also introduces in the opening portion of his work that h is opinion of good

Essay on Time Value Of Money - 1252 Words

Time Value of Money The time value of money serves as the foundation of finance. The fact that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future is the basis for investments and business growth. The future value of a dollar is based on the present dollar amount, interest rate and time period involved. Financial calculators and tables can assist in computing the future and present values, which eases the pain of the mathematically challenged. Yield or rate of return can also be calculated. One financial application of the time value of money is buying or selling a house mortgage note. Although normally handled by financial institutions, individuals can use this as an investment opportunity. The first step is having the note†¦show more content†¦The MBA graduate will add to this calculation the opportunity cost which D. Henderson points out is redundant in word use, but an invaluable concept to the financial world. The true cost of something is what you give up to get it. Â… as contract lawyers and airplane pilots know, redundancy can be a virtue. In this case, its virtue is to remind us that the cost of using a resource arises from the value of what it could be used for instead. (2002). In the above example, if the consumer was to buy a less expensive car, or finance less of the car price, the funds not being used for car payments could be invested for a higher yield. The table (See Amortization Table 1) in the text demonstrates how part of the loan payment is applied towards the principle and rest goes towards reducing the principle amount (Block, Hirt, 2005). The main learning of the amortization table is that the owner will pay slightly more in interest costs (41,000) as he did for the loan of 40,000. So the car that was priced at 40,000 actually ended up costing the owner 81,000. The amount paid is compounded if the owner takes into consideration the money that could have been earned if part of those funds had been invested. At a return rate of 8%, if the buyer had purchased a less expense car at 30,000 and invested 500 per year over 20 years, he would have 22,881 outShow MoreRelatedTime Value of Money1028 Words   |  5 Pagestoward understanding the relationship between the value of dollars today and that of dollars in the future is by looking at how funds invested will grow over time. This understanding will allow one to answer such questions as; how much should be invested today to produce a specified future sum of money? Time Value of Money In most cases, borrowing money is not free, unless it is a fiver for lunch from a friend. Interest is the cost of borrowing money. An interest rate is the cost stated as a percentRead MoreTime Value of Money1033 Words   |  5 PagesTime Value of Money (TVM), developed by Leonardo Fibonacci in 1202, is an important concept in financial management. It can be used to compare investment alternatives and to solve problems involving loans, mortgages, leases, savings, and annuities. TVM is based on the concept that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future. That is mainly because money held today can be invested and earn interest. A key concept of TVM is that a single sum of money or a series of equal,Read MoreTime Value of Money967 Words   |  4 PagesTime Value of Money The time value of money relates to many activities and decision in the financial world. â€Å"Understanding the effective rate on a business loan, the mortgage payment in a real estate transaction, or the true return on an investment depends on understanding the time value of money† (Block, Hirt, 2005). The concept of time value of money helps determine how financial assets are valued and how investors establish the rates of return they demand. Many different types of companiesRead MoreTime Value of Money2180 Words   |  9 PagesFinance Ââ€" Time Value of Money We earn money to spend it and we save money to spend it in the future. However, for most people spending money in the present time is more desirable since the future is unknown. We can gratify the desire to spend money today rather than in the future by knowing the basic law in finance Ââ€" time value of money. This means that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar at some time in the future. Unfortunately, people very often want to buy things at the present time whichRead MoreTime Value of Money3904 Words   |  16 PagesTime Value of Money Problems 1. What will a deposit of $4,500 at 10% compounded semiannually be worth if left in the bank for six years? a. $8,020.22 b. $7,959.55 c. $8,081.55 d. $8,181.55 2. What will a deposit of $4,500 at 7% annual interest be worth if left in the bank for nine years? a. $8,273.25 b. $8,385.78 c. $8,279.23 d. $7,723.25 3. What will a deposit of $4,500 at 12% compounded monthly be worth at the end of 10 years? a. $14,351.80 b. $14,851.80 c. $13,997.40 d. $14Read MoreTime Value of Money5284 Words   |  22 Pages12/9/2012 Chapter 9 The Time Value of Money 1 Chapter 9- Learning Objectives ïÆ' ¼ Identify various types of cash flow patterns (streams) that are observed in business. ïÆ' ¼ Compute (a) the future values and (b) the present values of different cash flow streams, and explain the results. ïÆ' ¼ Compute (a) the return (interest rate) on an investment (loan) and (b) how long it takes to reach a financial goal. ïÆ' ¼ Explain the difference between the Annual Percentage Rate (APR) and the Effective Annual RateRead MoreTime Value of Money2092 Words   |  9 PagesTime Value of Money The time value of money (TVM) or, discounted present value, is one of the basic concepts of finance and was developed by Leonardo Fibonacci in 1202. The time value of money (TVM) is based on the premise that one will prefer to receive a certain amount of money today than the same amount in the future, all else equal. As a result, when one deposits money in a bank account, one demands (and earns) interest. Money received today is more valuable than money received in the futureRead MoreTime Value of Money2124 Words   |  9 PagesTime Value of Money: Simple Interest versus Compound Interest Outline I. Applications of Time Value of Money 1.1 Example One 1.2 Example Two 2. Interest 2.1 What is Interest? 2.2 Three Variables of Interest 1. Principal 2. Interest Rate 3. Time 2.3 Why is Interest Charged? 3. Simple Interest 3.1 What is Simple Interest? 3.2 Simple Interest Formula 4. Compound Interest 4.1 What is Compound Interest? 4.2 Compound Interest Formula Read MoreTime Value of Money712 Words   |  3 Pageswill pay the bank over the life of the loan? $123,945.04 4. What is the effective rate of interest on a CD that has a nominal rate of 7.25 percent with interest compounded monthly? EAR = (1+.0725/12)^12 – 1 = 7.5% 5. What is the future value of $4,950 placed in a saving account for six years if the account pays 3%, compounded quarterly? PV = 4,950 N = 6 x 4 = 24 I =3/4 = .75% Pmt = - FV = $5,922.24 6. Your firm, Vandelay Industries, has just leased a $32,000 BMW for youRead MoreTime Value of Money and Present Value1154 Words   |  5 Pagescollege 15 years from today and the other will begin 17 years from today. You estimate your children’s college expenses to be $23,000 per year per child, payable at the beginning of each school year. The annual interest rate is 5.5 percent. How much money must you deposit in account each year to fund your children’s education? Your deposits begin one year from today. You will make your last deposit when your oldest child enters college. Assume four years of college Solution: Cost of 1 year at

How Beowulf Does Not Embody The Heroic Ideal Of The Anglo...

Alexandra Phan English IV Honors Mr Lindsay 4B October 22, 2015 Beowulf Essay 1) Explore the ways in which Beowulf does and does not embody the heroic ideal of the Anglo-Saxons. Beowulf is an epic hero from the Anglo-Saxon period, who takes on a great deal of challenges and adventures. The character Beowulf embodies the virtues of the Anglo-Saxon culture and beliefs. He incorporate the traits of Anglo-Saxon society with strength, bravery, honor, and the desire to help the helpless. In the beginning of the book, Beowulf travels to help the Danes kill Grendel. Grendel is a aggressive monster that has been killing the Danes in the mead hall every night. During the time period, warriors would celebrate their victories and express their accomplishments through songs. The social gathering has began bothering Grendel due to the fact he could hear all the noise of happiness coming from one area, this encouraged Grendel to be annoyed at the fact that he knows that he is a descendent from Cain, and knows he will never feel or be happy. The news of how Grendel was murder ing the Danes starts to spread all over the kingdom. When Beowulf hears about Grendel, he feels that it is his duty to stop Grendel from killing anymore, Beowulf leaves to go to Herot to destroy him. Beowulf is mostly being applaud for his long journey to face this terrible monster. Beowulf says, â€Å"Grendel is no braver, no stronger than I am! I could kill him with my sword: I shall not† (line 677). Beowulf feelsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Beowulf As A Heroic Epic779 Words   |  4 Pagesheroistic ideals are sometimes the basis of a society. The Anglo-Saxon people are a prime example of the previous statement. In Anglo-Saxon culture, being called a hero was an honor. Heroes were treated like kings. One of the most popular hero stories that bled into Anglo-Saxon life was the heroic epic of Beowulf. Beowulf was the perfect example of an Anglo-Saxon hero as he was courageous, strong, and determined. Due to its wondrous tales of Beowulf’s intrepid adventures, Beowulf i s a heroic epic. ToRead MoreThe Cruelty Of The Epic And What Cruelty Reveals About The Perpetrator / Victim1788 Words   |  8 PagesBeowulf Essay Topic: how cruelty functions in the epic/what cruelty reveals about the perpetrator/victim Thesis: Anglo-Saxons prize cruelty. They fight, they celebrate the victory. That’s the basic cycle. Beowulf is cruel and that makes him a hero- Grendel is cruel but it’s a result of his alienation with society and jealousy of society Beowulf’s cruelty is never seen as such (except by Grendel’s mother), and that leads him to become an undefeated hero in the eyes of the people The dragon is cruel-Read MoreBeowulf: An Analysis1615 Words   |  7 Pages11/26/10 Beowulf Anglo Saxons are Germanic people that lived during the 5th and 6th centuries. This early Anglo-Saxon society was centered on families and clans. The earliest Saxon settlers and families in England were pagans who worshipped a number of gods. Although Anglo Saxons had unalterable beliefs, Christians eventually purveyed their religion upon the pagans. However, the ideals of paganism still perpetuate through the most prominent epic poem of this era called Beowulf. Beowulf embodiesRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagespamphlets travel writing highly ornate writing style fiction employs generic plots and characters fiction often tells the story of how an innocent young woman is tested by a seductive male Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · patriotism grows instills pride creates common agreement about issues shows differences between Americans and Europeans Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · tells readers how to interpret what they are reading to encourage Revolutionary War support instructive in values American Renaissance/Romanticism

Consequences of Exploration for Europeans and the Indigenous Peoples Free Essays

In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean bearing the name of the Spanish Crown in hopes that he had landed in the Indies of Asia using a direct sea route. Though that is not where he landed, his â€Å"New World† was a place of great wealth, new materials and crops, new source of labor, and new land for the European nations. The consequences for the native people of the Americas were much worse with devastating death tolls, enslavement, new diseases and racist attitudes towards them. We will write a custom essay sample on Consequences of Exploration for Europeans and the Indigenous Peoples or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though it would not be fair to say that the Europeans did not share in negative consequences or that the indigenous people did not gain any advantages. The greatest negative consequences for the Europeans due to the European expansion are a devastating economic revolution, and the introduction of the venereal disease Syphilis. Once the Spanish began to mine the precious ores of America the wealth of Spain underwent a major transformation. Demanding one-fifth of all profit, the Crown became immensely rich and this showed in their influence on the rest of Europe, seeing that other countries now lacked the material wealth of Spain. Throughout this time of great wealth the population rose steadily in Spain. With population increase, came an increased demand for food and merchandise. Spain had expelled a large amount of their skilled farmers, workers, merchants and businessmen during the Inquisition when they cleansed their country of the Jewish and Muslim people. Along with the demand in Spain, the demand for Spanish and European products in the Americas also became hard to keep up with. With the ever-increasing influx of silver bullion the prices in Spain began to rise and the inflation quadrupled the prices of everything within thirty years. In 1556, Martin de Azpilcueta Navarro, a Spanish canon lawyer, writes about the influx of American silver as the cause of the inflation. We see by experience that in France, where money is scarcer than in Spain, bread, wine, cloth, and labour are worth much less. And even in Spain, in times when money was scarcer, saleable goods and labour were given for very much less than after the discovery of the Indies, which flooded the country with gold and silver. The reason for this is that money is worth more where and when it is scarce than where and when it is abundant. Along with this, the Spanish king Philip II spent more money on outside enterprises to worsen his countries debt. When needing to pay his debt to other countries, he also paid in silver bullion spreading the inflation to the rest of Europe. The discovery of the Americas led Europe to inflation and increased prices and Spain to almost complete debt by the seventeenth century. Besides silver and gold, the native people of the Americas passed Syphilis on to the Spanish who came to settle there. In five year time, Syphilis had spread to Russia from the European Atlantic coast. Though it could not be proven, Syphilis is thought to have originated in Espaniola because no evidence of Syphilis exists in Europe before 1493. These open sores, boils, and aches in the joints caused excruciating pains to many Europeans due to this quickly widespread venereal disease. The only proven effective way to treat Syphilis was from drinking the boiled bark of the guaiacum tree which only grew in Espaniola. Though no exact numbers were calculated for Syphilis it could not be compared to the death tolls that the European diseases left on the Indian populations. â€Å"In a period of 130 years, something like 95 percent of all Native Americans died of disease. That number is far greater than experts (until recently) had ever suspected. The Native Americans who survived the plagues were, of course, completely demoralized and depressed by this tremendous loss of their loved ones, of their lifestyle, and of their ancient culture. â€Å"(Bib 2. ) The 95 percent population loss of the Natives was staggering compared to probably one percent death caused by Syphilis. Thus though Syphilis was a negative consequence of European expansion it proved minor compare to the Indigenous peoples loss due to European disease. Besides new crops and animals the indigenous people were introduced to new religions, medicines and ways of life that helped better themselves. Christianity was introduced to the indigenous people thanks to very ardent Catholicism from the Spanish and Portuguese. These Christians taught of love, equality and a heaven after death for those who acted well on earth. For many indigenous people this religion called to them and they were converted. Those who did not convert voluntarily were either forced to convert or killed. The native people actually became very passionate about this religion and even followed religious doctrines more closely than the Spanish conquistadors. The natives began to spread peace and love as a bigger doctrine than territory fighting which shows how religion was a positive outcome from European expansion. New technology and medicine helped more effectively cure the local people and brought new light to the topic. In Pre-Colombian times the Indian populations would come to the ailing and stay by their side through illness thus probably catching the illness themselves, the Europeans taught to isolate the sick and better medicines to treat them. The lives that new medicines saved in the Americas is immeasurable but probably still do not compare to the lives lost from European diseases. New technologies such as guns, steel and sailing equipment helped build stronger weapons than the ones previously possessed by Indians, and a new material from which objects could be made. Very strong steel could be used to make protection from swords and swords themselves thus fortifying indigenous peoples’ ability to make weapons, protect themselves, and hunt. Many thousands of things brought from Europe helped make indigenous life better such as candles to light the night and paper so writing and language could be better developed. Though much understated there were many positive outcomes from European expansion to the indigenous people of the Americas and even a few negative outcomes for the Europeans themselves. More often than not, when talking about the European expansion into America, the Europeans seem to get much better rewards from their expansion. And they actually did. They reaped much higher rewards from their conquest of the Americas than the indigenous people, yet it cannot be forgotten that both peoples’ had multiple sides to their gains and losses due to European expansion. Bibliography Quotes: {draw:frame} 1. â€Å"Why were Native Americans so vulnerable to European diseases? (article). † Articles on how to feel good more often and get more done. Web. 10 Oct. 2009. http://www. youmeworks. com/why_native_americans. html. Galloway, J. H. The Sugar Cane Industry An Historical Geography from its Origins to 1914 (Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography). New York: Cambridge UP, 2005. Print. American Indian past and present. Norman: University of Oklahoma, 2008. Print. Other Info: â€Å"Spanish colonization of the Americas -. † Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 11 Oct. 2009. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas. â€Å"Native Americans in the United States – European colonization. † Spiritus-Temporis. com – Historical Events, Latest News, News Archives. Web. 11 Oct. 2009. http://www. spiritus-temporis. com/native-americans-in-the-united-states/european-colonization. html. How to cite Consequences of Exploration for Europeans and the Indigenous Peoples, Papers

Mark Twain Essay Paper Example For Students

Mark Twain Essay Paper Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known as Mark Twain, is perhaps the mostdistinguished author of American Literature. Next to William Shakespeare, Clemens isarguably the most prominent writer the world has ever seen. In 1818, Jane Lampton found interest in a serious young lawyer named JohnClemens. With the Lampton family in heavy debt and Jane only 15 years of age, she soonmarried John. The family moved to Gainesboro, Tennessee where Jane gave birth toOrion Clemens. In the summer of 1827 the Clemenses relocated to Virginia where Johnpurchased thousands of acres of land and opened a legal advice store. The lack of success of the store led John to drink heavily. Scared by his addiction, John vowed never to drink again. Even though John now resisted alcohol, he faced otheraddictions. His concoction of aloe, rhubarb, and a narcotic cost him most of his savingsand money soon became tight (Paine 34-35). The family soon grew with the birth of Pamela late in 1827. Their third child,Pleasant Hannibal, did not live past three months, due to illness. In 1830 Margaret wasborn and the family moved to Pall Mall, a rural county in Tennessee. After Henrys birthin 1832, the value of their farmland greatly depreciated and sent the Clemenses on theroad again. Now they would stay with Janes sister in Florida, Missouri where she ran asuccessful business with her husband. Clemens was born on November 30, 1835, in thesmall remote town of Florida, Missouri. Samuels parents, John Marshall and Jane Lampton Clemens never gave up on their child, who was two months premature with littleThis was coincidentally the same night as the return of Halleys Comet. TheClemenses were a superstitious family and believed that Halleys Comet was a portent ofgood fortune. Writing as Mark Twain, Samuel L. Clemens would claim that Florida,Missouri contained 100 people and I increased the population by one percent. It is mo rethan the best man in history ever did for any other town (Hoffman 15). 1847 proved to be a horrific year for John Clemens. He ventured to Palmyra inorder to find work on the county seat. On his voyage home he found himself in adevastating snowstorm which left him ill with pneumonia. He stayed at his friend Dr. Grants house, ill and jaded, where he rested and grew weak. He died on March 24, 1847Samuel was eleven years old when his father passed away. He was of ambiguousemotions. He had dreaded his father, yet at the same time respected him. The onus oftaking care of the family was now on Samuel and Orions shoulders. He attended schooland for additional cash delivered newspapers and aided storekeepers. His expertise waswith Joseph Ament, editor of the Missouri Courier, where he was an apprentice. In the fall of 1850, Samuels brother Orion purchased a printing press andexpected Samuel to work on his newspaper. They began work on the Hannibal WesternUnion where Orion printed all of Samuels essays and articles. Although the newspaperwas unprofitable, and deemed a failure by most, Orion and Samuel saw themselves as asuccess. They soon changed the name to the Journal and now had the largest circulationof any newspaper in the region. It was filled with works both original and copied fromother sources. This was acceptable in a society without copyrights. When the Journal gained success, Orion refused to print some of Samuels works. He, however took hiswriting elsewhere. He wrote for the Carpet-Bag and the Philadelphia American Courier, berating his old town and the Hannibal natives. He signed each work with theOrion left town for awhile and gave the duty of editor to Samuel. Hequickly took advantage of Orions absence. He wrote articles of town news and prosepoetry that revealed char acteristics of the boy who would eventually transform into MarkTwain. In these articles he would use his first of many pseudonyms, W. EpaminondasAdrastus Blab. Orions return ended both Samuels developing humor and burning satire. Orion decided to publish the Journal daily and it gave Samuel an opportunity to writemore material, but at the same time overworked him. When Orion deleted local newsfrom the newspaper, interest was lost and the rival Messenger began outselling theJournal. This prompted Samuel to leave Orion and the Journal behind at the age ofeighteen. He had bigger aspirations and vowed never to let a place trap him again. Hisjourneys would take him to St. Louis, New York City, and then Philadelphia (HoffmanThe best position he found involved night work as a substitute typesetter at thePhiladelphia Inquirer. Clemens wrote about the sights of Philadelphia which he copiedfrom a guidebook, but altered the descriptions into a style much more mature than inprevious writings. C lemens well-known writing style had a loose rhythm of speech and hewrote as if he were telling an unbelievable story which he expected his listeners andreaders to believe. He was a master of the tall story of the frontier and delighted hisaudience with his storytelling abilities (Lyttle 65). One can see this unique style in hisdescription of the nations capital:The public buildings of Washington are all fine specimens of architecture, andwould add greatly to the embellishment of such a city as New York- but here theyare sadly out of place looking like so many palaces in a Hottentot village. . . .Theother buildings, almost invariably, are very poortwo and three story brick houses, and strewed about in clusters; you seldom see a compact square off Pennsylvania Avenue. They look as though they might have been emptied out of a sack by some Brobdignagian gentleman, and when falling, been scattered abroadIn his time, most novels were a form of enriching entertainment. Light reading that w oulddo no harm and might even do the reader some good. They were written with anintelligent, well-behaved audience in mind, an audience that expected to read about peoplelike themselves. They were most comfortable reading the language they used in public. How Does Steinbeck present the character of Lennie in Of Mice and Men? EssayThey moved to Florence, Italy in October 1903. After recuperating from her heart attack,she was stricken with another. Twain never left Olivias side and was with her until herdeath. That night Twain stayed by her side caressing her hand. The next day he wrote, Iam tired and old; I wish I were with Livy (qtd. in Kaplan 236). Twain went into a state of depression and it seemed nothing was going right. Oneof his daughters suffered a nervous breakdown and entered a sanitarium, and his other wasnearly killed in a horse and trolley accident. As several years passed, he gradually began accepting invitations to banquets and parties, but still felt lonely without Olivia. Dontpart with your illusions, he had written. When they are gone you may still exist but you have ceased to live. Now his illusions were gone and was deeply a lonely man (qtd. inIn the spring of 1907, Twain learned that Oxford University in England wanted togive him an honorary degree and quickly took a ship to London. Four weeks of nonstopactivity followed before returning to the United States. He suffered severe heart pains onAware throughout his life that he was born when Halleys Comet was visible,Mark Twain predicted in 1909 that he would die when it returned. I came in withHalleys Comet in 1835. It is coming again next year and I expect to go out with itTheAlmighty has saved me no doubt: Now here are these two unaccountable freaks; theycame in together, they must go out together. Oh! I am looking forward to that(qtd. inHe sailed to Bermuda in the spring of 1910, planning to stay all winter in thewarmth and sunshine, but unhappiness would bring him back to Hannibal. I dont wantto die there. I am growing more and more particular about the place (qtd. in Long421).Twains prediction came true. On the night of April 21 he set his gaze on HalleysComet, sank into a coma and died (Cox 218). Essentially no one any longer ponders the place of Mark Twain in Americanliterature, or in international literature. A pioneer in writing, William Dean Howells bestsums Mark Twain up with, There was never anybody like him; there never will beBibliography:Works CitedCox, Clinton. Mark Twain: Americas Humorist, Dreamer, Prophet. New York:Scholastic Inc.1995 Hoffman, Andrew. Inventing Mark Twain: The lives of Samuel L. Clemens. New York:William Morrow 1997Kaplan, Justin. Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain: A Biography. New York: Simon andSchuster 1966Long, Hudson E. and J.R. Lemaster. The New Mark Twain Handbook. New York andLondon: Garland Publishing Inc. 1985Lyttle, Richard B. Mark Twain: The Man and His Adventures. New York: MacmillanPublishing Company 1994MiningCo. Research. Mark Twain- Home Page Online. Internet 1999Paine, Albert Bigelow. Mark Twain: A Biography. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1912Robinson Research. Samuel Langhorne Clemens a.k.a. Mark Twain. Online. Internet 1998

Antigone Creon A True Tragic Hero Essay Example For Students

Antigone Creon A True Tragic Hero Essay A tragedy, as defined by Ms. Tozar, is the story of a falling from a high place to a lower place by a character. In other words, a tragedy is a story of an individual who starts in a high position and descends throughout the story to end in a position that is lower than original position. The individual who makes the descent is known as the tragic hero. The tragic hero, as defined by Ms. Tozar, is the character who falls from grace as a result of fate and/or a weakness. In the drama, Antigone by Sophocles, one could argue that there are many tragic heroes. However, the one who stands above them all is that of the character of Creon. Creon is understood by most as the tragic hero in Antigone as evident in his descent from grace as a result of fate and/or a weakness. As stated earlier, a tragic hero fall from grace as a result of a personal flaw or weakness. This so called grace is referred to as the Hubris. It is usually a false sense of pride and/or confidence in ones intelligence. One can determine this Hubris because it is usually the part of the story when the tragic heros tragic flaw blooms the greatest. This tragic flaw, or Hamartia, is a fatal flaw or error in judgment. It triggers a sequence of events that lead to the downfall of the tragic hero. The general trend in plays frequently concludes with the death of the tragic hero. However, prior to death, the tragic hero experiences an anagnorisis, or a moment of clarity. An anagnorisis is a realization of situation when the tragic hero moves from ignorance to enlightenment. The change from ignorance to enlightenment includes the tragic heros realization of his tragic flaw, how it caused his downfall, how his actions have affected the lives of others, etc. These errors in judgment are usually in the presence of a conflict. There are multiple conflicts in the drama Antigone. However, the central conflict is between the protagonist, Creon, and the antagonist, Antigone. This conflict can be classified as Man vs. Man. Creon and Antigone compete with one another on the basis of which law is superior, mans law or gods law. Creon believing that man-made laws should not be defied, is forced to, due to his beliefs, sentence Antigone to death upon defying the law. This leads to the internal conflict present within Creon. Should he kill Antigone for defying man-made law or acquit her because her intent to follow gods law? Due to his relentless and uncompromising beliefs of man-made law being superior to all other laws, he is forced to sentence Antigone to death, though many disagree. It seems as the moral thing to do, however, in the end, it turns out to be more than he could bargain for. Soon after his decision of the fate of Antigone, Creons tragic flaw blooms the greatest. This Hubris focuses on the Creons relentless, uncompromising, and egotistical attitude. Many try to convince Creon to reconsider on his misguided decision, however, Creon does not yield. It is at this point when one realizes the Hubris of Antigone. Creon possesses a false sense of pride and/or confidence in his intelligence. He believes he cannot be wrong, therefore his uncompromising and egotistical attitude shines brightest. It portrays him as superficial, pigheaded, self-important man. (Porter) This is Hamartia, his relentless, uncompromising, and egotistical attitude. With this error in judgment, he is blinded and cannot see the true harm in his actions until it is too late. It triggers a sequence of events that lead to the downfall of the tragic hero. The sequence concludes with the suicides of Antigone, Haimon, and Eurydice. After their deaths, Creon experiences his Anagnorisis. .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714 , .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714 .postImageUrl , .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714 , .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714:hover , .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714:visited , .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714:active { border:0!important; } .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714:active , .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714 .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud73b54dfb77e0f6bcf683be55fcde714:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Internet Crimes Essay He has his moment of clarity when he realizes the true faults of his actions and the affects it has caused on the lives of others. Creon now realizes that no law is superior to that of the gods and no man alone is strong enough to contest their wrath. Creon now sees all the fruits of his labor, after his blindness has vanished, however, the price, which .